A Rite to Apollo, Thor, and Nergal

{Names in bold are to be vibrated and phrases in italics are to be chanted. Translations of foreign phrases appear in brackets. The purpose of this ritual is to increase magickal power, engender the development of wisdom, and augment strength of character. Focus on these three goals, perhaps on only one or two of them at a time, as you perform the rite. It is the prerogative of the celebrant to decide what tools or materials she is to incorporate, if any}

Zacam Micalzo Apollo Solpeth De G Omaoas Odzamran Pambt
[I Move You, Mighty Apollo! Hearken to Your Names and Appear Unto Me]

Phanaeus + Apauliunas + Lycegenes + Sauroctonos + Cynthius + Delius + Pythius

Ave Apollo Rex Olympus Et Sol (x7)
[Hail Apollo, the King of Olympus and the Sun]

Venire, Pater Apollo-Pythius (x7)
[Come, Father Apollo of (A Specific Region of Delphi)]

Hailaz Donar! Salve Pater Oku-Thor!
[Hail Thor! Hail Father Thor]

Salve, Salve, Agios Es
Agios Ischyros Oku-Thor
Venire Aeternae Atli Asa-Thor
Veni, Vethorm, Donar, et Sonnung
Ennilag, Einridi, Biorn, Gloria
Ave Pater et Rex Thunraz
Et Agios o Mjolnir
[Hail, hail, numinous art thou/ Mighty and numinous is Thor of the cart/ Come, terrible and eternal Thor of the Aesier/ Come, Thor, bear and protector of the shrine/ Glory to the one who rides alone, true spirit, one with a forehead wide/ Hail to the father and king over thunder/ And his hammer is numinous]

Heil Ennilag-Asa-Thor-Hardveur! Io Rym-Ennilag-Sonnung-Oku-Thor!
[Hail (Three Names of Thor)! Hail (Four Names of Thor)]

Salve Pater Oku-Thor!
[Hail Unto Father Thor of the Cart]

Ol Um Isli Meslamta-ea Solpeth De G Omaoas Odzamran
[I Call Thee Nergal, Hearken to the Names and Appear]

Nerigal + Enmeshara + Ishar + Lugal Meslam + Qaru + Suqamuna + Ne-Iri-Gal

Nirig Nirgali E-Meslah (x7) [(Three Names of Nergal)]

Ol Zodameta Gohed Girunugal-Enmessara (x7)
[I Conjure Thee Everlasting (Two Names of Nergal)]

Ave Apollo Rex Olympus Et Sol! Hailaz Donar! Ia Nergal-Ya!
[Hail Apollo, the King of Olympus and the Sun! Hail Thor! Hail Nergal]

Gi Chismicaolz Ioiad Sa Gohed Apollo Thor Od Nergal!
[You Are Mighty Forever and Everlasting, Apollo, Thor, and Nergal]

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A Rite to Davcina (Damgalnunna)

{This ritual calls upon the Goddess variously known as Damkina, Davcina, Damgalnunna, Ninhursag, Irnina, and more to strengthen the witch’s strength of character, increase wisdom, empower the psychic senses, and increase maturity. While the ritual script is provided here, any precautions such as circle-casting and any material accompaniments for ritual use are entirely left to the judgment of the sorcerer. The foreign phrases are translated in brackets, and the two lengthy untranslated paragraphs of what will appear to be gibberish to the celebrant are simply many names of Damkina used as words of power}

In Nomine De Regina Damgalnunna Excelsi!
[In the Name of the Excellent Queen Damgalnunna]

I call forward the Telluric Ancestress of Nature Spirits known unto man as Mother Davcina, the War-Mongering Protectress and Empress of the Earth! I call forward Ninhursag, the Pre-Eminent Matron of Star Magick and the Great Psychopompic Goddess over Birth and Destiny. Arise and manifest within my arena of sorcery and engender the evolution of my person.

Shassuru Damgulanna Ninella Belet-Dingirmes Tabsut Ili Uriash Damkina Gashan-Ki Belet-Ili Mammitum Daukina Nintuama Kalamma Ninmenna Nin-Ki Ninhursag Dam-Kinu

Damkina, empower my character and faculties alike by the sorceries of your tradition and refine my astral senses. I call you forward for the increasement of my wisdom and my strength of character as well. Grant me maturity and confidence now as I proclaim your veneration in rite. Manifest within my arena of sorcery and make yourself known unto me.

Damkina Taris! Damkina Gabbar! Ia Sarratum Damkina!
[Damkina is Righteous! Damkina is Strong! Hail Unto Queen Damkina]

Veni Et Rege Damgalnunna! Agios o Davcina!
[Come and Reign Damgalnunna! Numinous is Davcina]

Al-Ti Ilu Ia Ka-Rid-Tu A-Ti
[Oh Wife of Ea, Valiant Art Thou]

Regina Ninhursag Gloria! Invoco Damkina!
[Glory to Queen Ninhursag! I Call Upon Damkina]

Ia Sarratum! Ia Davcina! Belatis Dayyat!
[Hail the Queen! Hail Davcina! The Lady is My Judge]

Veni Et Rege Damgalnunna
[Come and Reign Damgalnunna]

Aperiatur Terra, Et Germinet Davcina
[Open the Earth, and Bring Forth Davcina]

Ga-E Mulu Dingir Damgalnunna Me-En
[The Disciple of Damgalnunna am I]

Damkina Taris! Damkina Gabbar! Ia Sarratum Damkina!
[Damkina is Righteous! Damkina is Strong! Hail Unto Queen Damkina]

Invoco Damkina! Ilu Damkina Lis-Te-Sir!
[I Call Upon Damkina! May Damkina Direct Aright]

Ilu-Irnina Sarrat Kal Ilani La-Tu Al-Ti Ilu Ea Ka-Rid-Tu A-Ti
[Oh Irnina, Mighty Queen of All the Gods]

Ninhursag Kalamma Nimar Mamma Ninki Aruru Nintua Dam-Kinu Belit Mud-Kesa Dauce Nintur Ninkharsag Mami Ninimma Mammetun Ninluana Kalamma Ningurgag Nin-Ki Nin-Ili

Ia Ninchursanga! Cacama! Karra!
[Hail Ninchursanga! Amen! Hurra]

A Cautionary Tale for Polytheists: Lilith, Ardat-Lili, Lillake, and More

It is widely accepted amongst Satanists and related black magickians that Lilith originates in Sumerian lore as Lilitu, and that Ardat-Lili and Kiskil-Lillake are names of hers as well. A recent ritual by the Temple of the Ascending Flame makes use of a meditative mantra for Lilith which incorporates this name: “Lilith, Layil, Ardat-Lili, Laylah” (Layil and Laylah are Hebrew and Arabic feminine nouns which translate to “noun”). Since Irdu-Lili is listed as having been the consort of Ardat-Lili, modern sorcerers have concluded that Irdu-Lili is a name for Samael.

The name “Ardat-Lili” is translated as “handmaid of Lilitu.” The word “Ardatu” means ‘young girl [of marrying age]’ and was often used in reference to prostitutes, so Ardat-Lili is best identified with Na’amah (Lilith’s daughter or sister) rather than Lilith. Early texts concerning demons posited the existence of a Lilith Savta [Lilith the Elder] and Lilith Ulemta [Lilith the Younger], the latter of which is considered the wife of Asmodeus. Since Irdu-Lili is allegedly Ardat-Lili’s consort, Irdu-Lili is best equated to Asmodeus (if not Tubal-Cain), the incubus son of Lilith, rather than Samael.

The moniker Lilith Ulemta is generally translated as “Lilith the Younger” for the sake of simplicity, but a more accurate translation is “Lilith the Maid”, whereas Lilith Savta means “Lilith the Matron.” As far as I am aware, it is unanimously accepted that Lilith Ulemta is Na’amah, so the similarity of that title to “Handmaiden of Lilitu” appears significant.

The fourth and final proto-succubus recorded in Sumerian myth was Lillu, the father of Gilgamesh. The only demon I can think of this being is Lilith’s other son, Ornias the incubus prince of Gamaliel. This, however, like the rest of the correspondences I’m drawing, is tenative, and personal gnosis should precede the use of these names in ritual.

There is an entity by the name of Kis-sikil-lil-la-ke who appeared in an Akkadian addenum to Gilgamesh’s story dwelling within a ten-year-old tree which was sacred to Inanna along with a serpent and a Zu bird. Gilgamesh smites the serpent, whereupon the Kis-sikil-lil-la-ke destroys its own home and runs away. The “lil-la-ke” part of the name translates to mean “water spirit”, but is also interpreted as having been an owl. Kis-kil-lil-la-ke and other variations on the name have appeared in traditional rituals to Lilith.

Since Lilith is known to manifest in various aspects which all relate to different elements, the “water spirit” part is hardly helpful, but the owl aspect is related to Lilith, and since Lilith is said to be the serpent of the Garden of Eden, the symbolism of a serpent intruding in a sacred tree may be relevant. It may also be significant that pseudepigraphal Hebrew texts regarding the end times depict a giant bird named Ziz, the apocalyptic beast of the air, where Behemoth is the apocalyptic beast of the earth and Leviathan is the apocalyptic beast of the sea.

According to Wikipedia, a couple more recent scholars have disputed the attribution of Kis-sikil-lil-la-ke to Lilith, so I leave the reader to form her own conclusions.

Even if the reader discards this list of Sumerian creatures from her memory completely, never seeks gnosis regarding the truth behind the matter, and never makes use of any of these names in spiritual workings, this essay will still have served its primary purpose.

This article is a warning to those who are too quick to identify their deities with entities from other pantheons. Things are not always as simplistic as they seem. For an example of how I have examined the relationship between Abaddon, Apollo, and Sauroctonos, see the following article: https://vkjehannum.wordpress.com/2016/07/03/abaddon-apollo-sauructonos/

Magickal Chants to Damkina

Damkina Taris! Damkina Gabbar! Ia Sarratum Damkina!
[Damkina is right! Damkina is strong! Hail Queen Damkina!] (to impart aplomb to the witch (in a lasting way), and to increase the longevity of the celebrants and that of the trees surrounding them)

Matrum deum, Dea finis, veni et germinet gnosis!
[Mother of the Gods, Goddess of Fate, come and bring forth gnosis!] (to talk to one’s Inner Daemon or remember past lives)

In nomine de Regina Damgalnunna excelsi
(invoking the authority and power of Damgalnunna. To start a ritual or spell) [Latin: “In the name of the great Queen Damgalnunna”]

Ia Damgalnunna, Sarrat Eri-Dugga!
(praises Damgalnunna and thereby makes one receptive to her power; bends the atmosphere to her will) [“Hail Damgalnunna, Queen of Eri-Dugga!”]

Ia Ninchursanga
(praises Ninchursaga, makes you receptive to her power, strengthens the ritual)

Ia Ninchursanga! Cacama! Karra!
(calls the power of Ninchursaga; transmits the incantation. To be used at the end of a spell)
[Spoken Cuneiform: Hail Ninchursaga! Amen! Hurra!)

Invoco Damkina
[I call upon Damkina] (mantra for invocation or the empowerment of a spell)

Regina Ninhursag Gloria
(grants power over the environment and augments the location’s numinosity)
[Glory to Queen Ninhursag]

Veni et rege Damgalnunna!
(calls upon Damgalnunna to actualize whatever your intent is)

Ia Davcina, Belatis-Dingir-Dingir!
(Calls upon the power of Davcina, drastically raising the spiritual atmosphere of the area and attaining single-mindedness) [Hail Davcina, Lady-Ruler of the gods!]

Ba Ninhursag Ehdet! Ia Sarratum Ninchursanga! Meqim Damgalnuna!
[I adhere to Ninhursag! Hail Queen Ninchursanga! Damgalnuna is the creatrix!] (protects the ritual from interference and increases the durability of the energy being raised)

Matrum Deum!/ Sancta Davcina!/ Agios es,/ Nunc et in omnia saecula!/ Agios o Davcina!/ Agios o Pharmaceutria!
(blasphemes the virgin mary, praises Davcina, calls upon the protection of Davcina from external interference, and empowers + activates any crystals, sigils, or plant-life in the ritual space) [Mother of the gods! Holy Davcina! Hallowed art thou, now and for all days. Hallowed be Davcina! Hallowed be the Sorceress!]

Agios es, Sancta Davcina
(Blaspheme the virgin Mary, praise Davcina, for evocation and invocation)

Agios es, Mater Ninhursag
(calls upon Ninhursag to protect ritual and activate + empower any sigils nearby)

Alka Damkina
(summoning Damkina—invocation or evocation)
[Come Damkina]

Ave Aeternae Ninhursag
(fills the area with natural energies)
[Hail Eternal Ninhursag]

{Below: I am [Queen or Mother] NAME (for invocation)}
Sum Ninchursanga
Sum Mater Davcina
Sum Mater Damkina
Sum Regina Damgalnuna

Damgalnuna, Damkina, Davcina, Ninhursaga: Mistress of the Earth

Disclaimer

I do not support the Order of the Nine Angles or associate with persons affiliated with it. Nonetheless, I do have beneficial relationships with many of the entities venerated by the O9A, and introducing these entities to the broader black magickal community has been something of a side-project of mine for some time.

I am writing this article because I believe that Davcina and other spiritual intelligences venerated by the O9A deserve a better pool of magickians to work with than that which the O9A has to offer. I believe that many members of my audience are or will become better equipped to work with and venerate Davcina than any “Niner” ever will be.

This article will exclusively feature original methods (chants & sigil) for conjuring Davcina. My experience is that the magickal current of the O9A causes the spirits they venerate to manifest in ways that are unusual, often undesirable, and generally unpleasant to both the magickian and the spirit.

Ergo, I have channeled a unique sigil for Davcina and channeled original chants which may be used to summon Davcina. The chants and sigil which the O9A present for the conjuration of Davcina do not appear anywhere in this article.

Regarding Davcina

Davcina is the Empress of the Earth and she governs astronomical magick. She can teach the art of divination—especially via stones or crystals. She is apt for the tasks of ego-dissolution and individuation. She is both a warrioress and a protectress, and she presides over child-bearing, death, and reincarnation. She can guide the witch to hidden groves on the astral plane wherein nature spirits reside. Davcina’s primary elemental association is earth, obviously, but her secondary affiliation is unto the element of water. In my first vision of her, she held a pyramid of smoky quartz, and wore a hooded green robe. Her short brown hair was still drying from being dampened, and her eyes were black.

Davcina was worshipped in Mesopotamia under the name Damgalnuna and she was integrated into Akkkadian/Babylonian Paganism under the name of Damkina. In these civilizations, she was regarded as a goddess of the earth and destiny, and the Mesopotamians associated her with cows. Mesopotamian litanies to her called her the “great wild cow” and referred to her as both “exceptional in appearance” and “pre-eminent forever.” She was called Ninchursanga by the Sumerians, who regarded her as a mother goddess who presided over child-birth. She was the queen of the mountains and again the consort of Ea.

Damkina was one of Sumer’s seven primary deities, and she was often described as “valiant.” She was considered the tutelary matron of Sumerian leaders who purportedly nourished the kings in her healing milk. Damkina was worshipped in some of the same temples as her son, Marduk, who was the civilization’s main deity—comparable to Zeus. The class of Mesopotamian priests which was responsible for exorcisms would call out to Damkina alongside other divinities for the purpose of casting out spirit.

Damgalnunna, called the birth-giver of the great gods, was the Mother of Marduk/Merodach, the god of Babylon who killed Tiamat. Damgalnunna was first considered the bride of Enlil, and later that of Enki/Ea. Later on, Enlil was condemned to the underworld, and Damkina was condemned to fall alongside him, attaining a chthonic connotation thereupon. Prior to the tradition of the fall, Damkina and her spouse were celestial deities. Damkina was not ill-spoken of, mistrusted, or rejected as a result of this fall.

Damkina’s hair was sometimes portrayed in the shape of an omega, while other portrayals depicted an omega surmounted atop the weapon she carried—sometimes a mace, sometimes a baton. She appears in a tiered skirt with a horned headdress with bow cases often adorning her shoulders.

Besides being the name of a chthonian river and the deity who rules it, Apsu is also the name of a causal river which flowed through the Mesopotamian city variously referred to as Eridu, Eridug, and Eri-dugga, names which translate to mean “good city.” Prior to being reduced to what we call the mounds of Abu-Sharain, Eridu was one of Mesopotamia’s most sacred cities. It was purported to be the residence to Enki/Ea who was often referred to as Nudimmud.

Damkina is associated with lions, cows, calves, and the doe. Ninhursag, the aspect of her venerated in Akkad, was called “the Mistress of Serpents.” According to my Guiding Spirit, Davcina is also related to jaguars).

Davcina appears in Hebdomadry [the Sevenfold Way] as the Dark Goddess of Wisdom and Mistress of the Earth whose influence is auspicious in works of enchantment. She is a goddess of success, opulence, abundance, and harmony, and she is considered the guardian of nature’s generative forces. Anton Long related her as well as Baphomet to the sphere of Jupiter, which is intriguing as some considered Ninhursag to have been the consort of a Mesopotamian personification of Jupiter named Sulpae.

Hagur related her to the archetype of “the Wisdom/Sophia,” which is oddly insightful, as Sophia is the mother of Yahweh and Damgalnunna is the mother of Marduk, and is regarded as the mother of “the gods” in general. Elaborating on this, Hagur attributes her to the dark light of “creativity”, the dark action of “involvement,” and the motivation of “intrapsychic union,” which Hagur defines as “the experience of wholeness.”

Referred to as the Wyrd Goddess, Davcina is attributed to the nineteenth pathway which moves from Jupiter to Mars. Concerning this planetary affiliation, Hagur wrote as follows in Nythra Khthunae Atazoth:

“Davcina, the Mistress of Earth has the characteristic, and is an important link between the planet Mars and Jupiter. The Planet Mars, named after the Roman God of War, was referred to by the Ancients as the “Lesser Malefic ” (lesser magic). It governs desires, sexual energies, focussed energies, dynamic action, animal nature, force, power, strife, strain, adversity, work, achievement, competition, and death. Mars also rules weapons, war, accidents, violence, surgery, tools, iron, and steel. The action of this Planet is sudden, forceful, and disruptive. The energy of Mars can be used violently and destructively, but with valour and fortitude. The energy of Jupiter is backing as it were the energies of Mars as a more protective urge towards success, that every action may develop in a more orderly way for the benefit of the fighter towards his victim. Jupiter is the planet of expansion, aspiration, higher education, Satanic philosophical reasoning (Satanic because it is the only philosophy that is absolutely humanistic and esoteric at the same time), justice (tooth for tooth, and eye for eye), and sovereignty.”

Carrying on, Hagur wrote thus of Davkina’s relation unto her disciple:

“As a mother she shapes her children, but also sets them free in the fulfillment of their own experiences. In fact, the difficulty of her task increases the longer she remains tied to them and carries the burden of their destinies with her.”

Davkina is related to a tarot card called the Mistress of Earth which signifies “Empathic manipulation (such as ‘enchantment’) to create Change via causal structure – amoral acts that may conventionally be seen as ‘evil.’ Actions provoked by unfettered passions and a reveling in the physical pleasures and challenges of life. ‘Ruthless ambition.’ Creativity and Change via destruction – ie. War, culling.”

In Nythra Khtunae Atazoth, Hagur wrote the following:

“Davcina is an important detail, say part, of the Cosmic Tree of Wyrd, in the sphere Jupiter; and, works very accurately between the microcosm (man) and the macrocosm, the Cosmic Tree of Wyrd, our universal sinister scheme. This is a fact to be grasped, and to work out. As dark knowledge increases and individual progress is made through pathworkings or other techniques of dark meditation, and as the faculty of transmitting from the sinister spheres to the individual mind has began from the acausal to the causal, manifestation will and is taking place.

“…A man or a woman who resembles Davcina, the Wyrd Goddess, can be totally absorbed by her characteristics, as archetypes are pre-existent, or latent,  internally determined patterns of being and behaving, of perceiving and responding.”

In Sumerian theology, there were multiple different deities of the earth, and they were all considered to have been related to, descended from, or part of the earth itself, which was a goddess, named Ki. The Sumerian Ki would thus be equivalent to the Mistress of Blood.

Non-O9A Sources

Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology

Babylonian Magic and Sorcery by Leonard King

Temple of the Ancients (Guide to Ancient Paganism Part 1)

English-Sumerian Dictionary by Adapa

The Devils and Evil Spirits of Babylonia by Reginald Campbell Thompson

Temple of the Ancients (Guide to Ancient Paganism Part 1)

http://www.atkinslightquest.com/Documents/Religion/Legends-Folklore/Sumerian-and-Akkadian-Deities.htm

http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section4/tr4031.htm

The Dictionary of Mythology by J.A. Coleman

Animal Magick by D.J. Conway

Myth and Ritual in the Near East by E.O. James

http://www.musesrealm.net/deities/damkina.html

http://www.mesopotamiangods.com/a-sir-sag-%E1%B8%ABula-to-damgalnuna-damgalnuna-a/

http://www.digplanet.com

http://www.pantheon.org/articles/d/damkina.html

Thammuz

Thammuz is a solar god who presides over the creative powers of Spring. He is called “the Wise One” as well as “the Lord of Knowledge.” He is described as heroic and said to speak with a sonorous voice. His various names and their meanings are as follows:

Tammuz/Tamuz/Thamuz/Thammuz/Tammuzi: “Faithful Son/Flawless Young”

Dumuzi/Damuzi/Dimmuzi/Dumuzid/Damuzid/Dumuzida (Sumerian equivalent)

Duzu (Akkadian equivalent)

Damu: “the Child”

Gishzida: unknown

Ama-Ushumgal-Anna: “Power in the Date Palm”

Dumu-Zi-Ama-Ushum-Galana: “Quickener of the Date Bud”

Dumu-Zi-Abzu: “Tammuz of the Abyss”

Thammuz was a Syriac Shepherd God who ruled over vegetation. He was purported to be the son of Enki and Duttur (a personification of the ewe as a Goddess). He is purported to impart stability, strength, and renewed power after death. Moreover, he is a dying and resurrecting god, who is purported to bring about the reawakening of the dead upon his recrudescence.

He is said to preside over torture and artillery, and his influence is blamed for the Inquisition. He is a god of death and the underworld who presides over agriculture and farming. While he is said to be the god of vegetation and foodstuffs in general, Dumuzid is most strongly associated with date palms and rising sap. He is sometimes considered to be a guardian of Heaven’s gates.

Thammuz can be called on for the purpose of recreating one’s personality, fortifying your body of light, improving the enchantments placed on objects (just vibrate his name for this), summoning spirits that can make you more powerful/dangerous, and relieving oneself of negative spiritual influences (such as a curse or some astrological influence).

Dumuzi is recorded as being the son, brother, and/or lover of Inanna, and there are multiple stories depicting their interactions. In one, Inanna gave him a death-imparting glare and trapped him in the underworld thereby. In another, Inanna was trapped in the underworld, and Dumuzi exchanged himself for her. A third depicts Inanna rescuing him from the underworld, and thereupon sending the dead to feed upon the living out of rage for his imprisonment (these dead were called Akhkharu).

Thammuz is a god of sheep who can give aid and teachings in necromancy. His devotees would regularly mourn his annual death and celebrate his annual marriage to Ishtar/Inanna. Praises to him depicted him as fair-spoken and with kind eyes. He was described both as a guardian and a healer. He was called “the Pre-Eminent Steer of Heaven.”

In Gematria, the name Tammuz has a numerical value of 453, equivalent to the Hebrew words denoting “glass/crystal,” “life/living creature/the Animal Soul in its fullness,” “destruction/ruin/terror,” “Gittaim” (a town of refuge), “Behemoth/beasts,” and “fire pan.”

The numerical connection to “crystal” makes sense, as myth depicts Thammuz adorning Ishtar with various jeweled trinkets. The “fire pan” is likely a reference to the underworld. “Beasts” is sensible because he is a shepherd god. The rest are self-explanatory, excluding Gittaim, which I do not understand.

Tammuz is also the name of the tenth month (the fourth month of the religious/ecclesiastic year) on the Hebrew calendar which takes place between our June and July. Oddly enough, Tammuz the demon is still related to the month of September.

Some equate Thammuz with Adonis.

-V.K. Jehannum

Sources:

The Equinox & Solstice Ceremonies of the Golden Dawn by Pat & Chris Zalewski
Gematria and the Tanakh by Brian Pivit
The Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology by Theresa Bane
Demon List compiled by Terry Thayer
English-Sumerian Dictionary by Adapa
http://www.atkinslightquest.com/Documents/Religion/Legends-Folklore/Sumerian-and-Akkadian-Deities.htm
http://www.lizaphoenix.com/demons/month.shtml
Temple of the Ancients [Guide to Ancient Paganism Part 1] (That’s where the sigil is from)
http://www.greatdreams.com/anunnaki/grandma-nammu.htm#TAMMUZ
Wikipedia
http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/mba/mba11.htm